# Snyk test report

June 15th 2025, 12:26:16 am (UTC+00:00)

Scanned the following paths:

- /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3/go.mod (gomodules)
- /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/get-previous-release/hack/get-previous-release/go.mod (gomodules)
- /argo-cd/ui/yarn.lock (yarn)

17 known vulnerabilities
108 vulnerable dependency paths
2079 dependencies

## Prototype Pollution

high severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: redoc
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 and redoc@2.0.0-rc.64

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › redoc@2.0.0-rc.64

## Overview

redoc is an OpenAPI/Swagger-generated API Reference Documentation.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Prototype Pollution via the `mergeObjects()` method in `utils/helpers.ts` due to improper user input sanitization.

## PoC

    (async () => {
              const lib = await import('redoc');

            var BAD_JSON = JSON.parse('{"__proto__":{"polluted":true}}');
            var victim = {}
            console.log("Before Attack: ", JSON.stringify(victim.__proto__));
            try {
              lib.mergeObjects ({}, BAD_JSON)
            } catch (e) { }
            console.log("After Attack: ", JSON.stringify(victim.__proto__));
            delete Object.prototype.polluted;
            })();

## Details

Prototype Pollution is a vulnerability affecting JavaScript. Prototype Pollution refers to the ability to inject properties into existing JavaScript language construct prototypes, such as objects. JavaScript allows all Object attributes to be altered, including their magical attributes such as `__proto__`, `constructor` and `prototype`. An attacker manipulates these attributes to overwrite, or pollute, a JavaScript application object prototype of the base object by injecting other values. Properties on the `Object.prototype` are then inherited by all the JavaScript objects through the prototype chain. When that happens, this leads to either denial of service by triggering JavaScript exceptions, or it tampers with the application source code to force the code path that the attacker injects, thereby leading to remote code execution.

There are two main ways in which the pollution of prototypes occurs:

- Unsafe `Object` recursive merge

- Property definition by path

### Unsafe Object recursive merge

The logic of a vulnerable recursive merge function follows the following high-level model:

    merge (target, source)

              foreach property of source

                if property exists and is an object on both the target and the source

                  merge(target[property], source[property])

                else

                  target[property] = source[property]

When the source object contains a property named `__proto__` defined with `Object.defineProperty()` , the condition that checks if the property exists and is an object on both the target and the source passes and the merge recurses with the target, being the prototype of `Object` and the source of `Object` as defined by the attacker. Properties are then copied on the `Object` prototype.

Clone operations are a special sub-class of unsafe recursive merges, which occur when a recursive merge is conducted on an empty object: `merge({},source)`.

`lodash` and `Hoek` are examples of libraries susceptible to recursive merge attacks.

### Property definition by path

There are a few JavaScript libraries that use an API to define property values on an object based on a given path. The function that is generally affected contains this signature: `theFunction(object, path, value)`

If the attacker can control the value of “path”, they can set this value to `__proto__.myValue`. `myValue` is then assigned to the prototype of the class of the object.

## Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which Prototype Pollution can be manipulated:

Type | Origin | Short description
--- | --- | ---
Denial of service (DoS) | Client | This is the most likely attack. DoS occurs when `Object` holds generic functions that are implicitly called for various operations (for example, `toString` and `valueOf`). The attacker pollutes `Object.prototype.someattr` and alters its state to an unexpected value such as `Int` or `Object`. In this case, the code fails and is likely to cause a denial of service. For example: if an attacker pollutes `Object.prototype.toString` by defining it as an integer, if the codebase at any point was reliant on `someobject.toString()` it would fail.
Remote Code Execution | Client | Remote code execution is generally only possible in cases where the codebase evaluates a specific attribute of an object, and then executes that evaluation. For example: `eval(someobject.someattr)`. In this case, if the attacker pollutes `Object.prototype.someattr` they are likely to be able to leverage this in order to execute code.
Property Injection | Client | The attacker pollutes properties that the codebase relies on for their informative value, including security properties such as cookies or tokens. For example: if a codebase checks privileges for `someuser.isAdmin`, then when the attacker pollutes `Object.prototype.isAdmin` and sets it to equal `true`, they can then achieve admin privileges.

## Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to a Prototype Pollution attack:

- Application server

- Web server

- Web browser

## How to prevent

1. Freeze the prototype— use `Object.freeze (Object.prototype)`.

2. Require schema validation of JSON input.

3. Avoid using unsafe recursive merge functions.

4. Consider using objects without prototypes (for example, `Object.create(null)`), breaking the prototype chain and preventing pollution.

5. As a best practice use `Map` instead of `Object`.

### For more information on this vulnerability type:

Arteau, Oliver. “JavaScript prototype pollution attack in NodeJS application.” GitHub, 26 May 2018

## Remediation

Upgrade `redoc` to version 2.4.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Issue
- GitHub Release

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

high severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0, github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm@1.16.9

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the `parseExpression()` function in `parser.go`, due to the unrestricted size of input strings, which can cause the generation of large Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). An attacker can crash the application by supplying excessively long deeply nested expression strings.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by checking and limiting the length of input expressions before parsing them.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/expr-lang/expr/vm` to version 1.17.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub PR

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

high severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0, github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the `parseExpression()` function in `parser.go`, due to the unrestricted size of input strings, which can cause the generation of large Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). An attacker can crash the application by supplying excessively long deeply nested expression strings.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by checking and limiting the length of input expressions before parsing them.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser` to version 1.17.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub PR

More about this vulnerability

## Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

high severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0, github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/optimizer@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/patcher@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/optimizer@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/patcher@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/optimizer@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/optimizer@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/optimizer@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/patcher@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/patcher@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/patcher@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/checker@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/triggers@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/expr-lang/expr@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/compiler@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/parser@1.16.9 › github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf@1.16.9

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the `parseExpression()` function in `parser.go`, due to the unrestricted size of input strings, which can cause the generation of large Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs). An attacker can crash the application by supplying excessively long deeply nested expression strings.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by checking and limiting the length of input expressions before parsing them.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/expr-lang/expr/conf` to version 1.17.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub PR

More about this vulnerability

## LGPL-3.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: gopkg.in/retry.v1
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0, github.com/Azure/kubelogin/pkg/token@0.1.9 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/Azure/kubelogin/pkg/token@0.1.9 › github.com/Azure/kubelogin/pkg/internal/token@0.1.9 › gopkg.in/retry.v1@1.0.3

LGPL-3.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## Unexpected Status Code or Return Value

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Vulnerable module: github.com/redis/go-redis/v9
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 and github.com/redis/go-redis/v9@9.7.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/redis/go-redis/v9@9.7.1
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/go-redis/cache/v9@9.0.0 › github.com/redis/go-redis/v9@9.7.1

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Unexpected Status Code or Return Value in `initConn()`, which causes out of order responses when `CLIENT SETINFO` times out while establishing a connection.

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by setting `DisableIndentity` to true when initializing a client.

## Remediation

Upgrade `github.com/redis/go-redis/v9` to version 9.5.5, 9.6.3, 9.7.2 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub PR

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/r3labs/diff/v3
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 and github.com/r3labs/diff/v3@3.0.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/r3labs/diff/v3@3.0.1

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-version
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0, code.gitea.io/sdk/gitea@0.20.0 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › code.gitea.io/sdk/gitea@0.20.0 › github.com/hashicorp/go-version@1.6.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 and github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go@0.116.0 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0, github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go@0.116.0 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › gitlab.com/gitlab-org/api/client-go@0.116.0 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/cmd@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/api@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/controller@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/subscriptions@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/argoproj/notifications-engine/pkg/services@#87bf0576a872 › github.com/opsgenie/opsgenie-go-sdk-v2/client@1.2.23 › github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp@0.7.7 › github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp@0.5.2

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## MPL-2.0 license

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd/argoproj/argo-cd/v3 › go.mod
- Package Manager: golang
- Module: github.com/gosimple/slug
- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 and github.com/gosimple/slug@1.15.0

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: github.com/argoproj/argo-cd/v3@0.0.0 › github.com/gosimple/slug@1.15.0

MPL-2.0 license

More about this vulnerability

## Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: foundation-sites
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 and foundation-sites@6.8.1

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › foundation-sites@6.8.1
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › argo-ui@1.0.0 › foundation-sites@6.8.1

## Overview

foundation-sites is a responsive front-end framework

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) due to inefficient backtracking in the regular expressions used in URL forms.

## PoC

    https://www.''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

## Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

    regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

- `A` The string must start with the letter 'A'
- `(B|C+)+` The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the `+` matches one or more times). The `+` at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
- `D` Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as `ABBD`, `ABCCCCD`, `ABCBCCCD` and `ACCCCCD`

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

    $ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
            0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

            $ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
            1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

1. CCC
2. CC+C
3. C+CC
4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

String | Number of C's | Number of steps
--- | --- | ---
ACCCX | 3 | 38
ACCCCX | 4 | 71
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

## Remediation

There is no fixed version for `foundation-sites`.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Issue
- Vulnerable Code

More about this vulnerability

## Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

medium severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: @babel/runtime
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0, history@4.10.1 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › argo-ui@1.0.0 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-router@4.3.1 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-router-dom@4.3.1 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-form@2.16.3 › react-redux@5.1.2 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-form@2.16.3 › react-redux@5.1.2 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-router-dom@4.3.1 › react-router@4.3.1 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › argo-ui@1.0.0 › react-router-dom@4.3.1 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › argo-ui@1.0.0 › react-form@2.16.3 › react-redux@5.1.2 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › argo-ui@1.0.0 › react-form@2.16.3 › react-redux@5.1.2 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › argo-ui@1.0.0 › react-router-dom@4.3.1 › react-router@4.3.1 › history@4.10.1 › @babel/runtime@7.14.6
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › date-fns@2.30.0 › @babel/runtime@7.21.5
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-virtualized@9.22.3 › @babel/runtime@7.20.13
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › react-virtualized@9.22.3 › dom-helpers@5.2.1 › @babel/runtime@7.20.13
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › redoc@2.0.0-rc.64 › polished@4.1.4 › @babel/runtime@7.17.2

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the `replace()` method in `wrapRegExp.js`. An attacker can cause degradation in performance by supplying input strings that exploit the quadratic complexity of the replacement algorithm.

This is only exploitable when all of the following conditions are met:

1. The code passes untrusted strings in the second argument to `.replace()`.

2. The compiled regular expressions being applied contain named capture groups.

In the case of `@babel/preset-env`, if the `targets` option is in use the application will be vulnerable under either of the following conditions:

1. A browser older than Chrome 64, Opera 71, Edge 79, Firefox 78, Safari 11.1, or Node.js 10 is used when processing named capture groups.

2. A browser older than Chrome/Edge 126, Opera 112, Firefox 129, Safari 17.4, or Node.js 23 is used when processing duplicated named capture groups.

Note: The project maintainers advise that "just updating your Babel dependencies is not enough: you will also need to re-compile your code."

## Workaround

This vulnerability can be avoided by filtering out input containing a `$<` that is not followed by a `>`.

## Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

    regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

- `A` The string must start with the letter 'A'
- `(B|C+)+` The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the `+` matches one or more times). The `+` at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
- `D` Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as `ABBD`, `ABCCCCD`, `ABCBCCCD` and `ACCCCCD`

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

    $ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
            0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

            $ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
            1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

1. CCC
2. CC+C
3. C+CC
4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

String | Number of C's | Number of steps
--- | --- | ---
ACCCX | 3 | 38
ACCCCX | 4 | 71
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

## Remediation

Upgrade `@babel/runtime` to version 7.26.10, 8.0.0-alpha.17 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Gist
- GitHub PR

More about this vulnerability

## Arbitrary Code Injection

low severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: prismjs
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0, redoc@2.0.0-rc.64 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › redoc@2.0.0-rc.64 › prismjs@1.27.0

## Overview

prismjs is a lightweight, robust, elegant syntax highlighting library.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Arbitrary Code Injection via the `document.currentScript` lookup process. An attacker can manipulate the web page content and execute unintended actions by injecting HTML elements that overshadow legitimate DOM elements.

Note:

This is only exploitable if the application accepts untrusted input containing HTML but not direct JavaScript.

## Remediation

Upgrade `prismjs` to version 1.30.0 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Gist
- GitHub PR
- Vulnerable Code

More about this vulnerability

## Insecure Randomness

low severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: formidable
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0, superagent@8.1.2 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › superagent@8.1.2 › formidable@2.1.2

## Overview

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Insecure Randomness due to its use of the `hexoid()` function in the generation of fingerprint IDs.

## Remediation

Upgrade `formidable` to version 2.1.3, 3.5.3 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- Vulnerability Report

More about this vulnerability

## Cross-site Scripting (XSS)

low severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: dompurify
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0, redoc@2.0.0-rc.64 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › redoc@2.0.0-rc.64 › dompurify@2.5.6

## Overview

dompurify is a DOM-only XSS sanitizer for HTML, MathML and SVG.

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS) due to incorrect handling of template literals in regular expressions. An attacker can manipulate the output of the script by injecting malicious payloads that bypass the `dompurify` sanitization.

## PoC

    DOMPurify.sanitize(
              `<math><foo-test><mi><li><table><foo-test><li></li></foo-test><a>
                  <style>
                    <! \${
                  </style>
                  }
                  <foo-b id="><img src onerror='alert(1)'>">hmm...</foo-b>
                </a></table></li></mi></foo-test></math>
              `,
              {
                SAFE_FOR_TEMPLATES: true,
                CUSTOM_ELEMENT_HANDLING: {
                  tagNameCheck: /^foo-/,
                },
              }
            );

## Details

A cross-site scripting attack occurs when the attacker tricks a legitimate web-based application or site to accept a request as originating from a trusted source.

This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.

Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.

Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, `<` can be coded as `&lt`; and `>` can be coded as `&gt`; in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses `<` and `>` as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.

The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.

### Types of attacks

There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:

Type | Origin | Description
--- | --- | ---
Stored | Server | The malicious code is inserted in the application (usually as a link) by the attacker. The code is activated every time a user clicks the link.
Reflected | Server | The attacker delivers a malicious link externally from the vulnerable web site application to a user. When clicked, malicious code is sent to the vulnerable web site, which reflects the attack back to the user’s browser.
DOM-based | Client | The attacker forces the user’s browser to render a malicious page. The data in the page itself delivers the cross-site scripting data.
Mutated |  | The attacker injects code that appears safe, but is then rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. An example is rebalancing unclosed quotation marks or even adding quotation marks to unquoted parameters.

### Affected environments

The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:

- Web servers
- Application servers
- Web application environments

### How to prevent

This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:

- Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
- Convert special characters such as `?`, `&`, `/`, `<`, `>` and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents.
- Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
- Redirect invalid requests.
- Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
- Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
- Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.

## Remediation

Upgrade `dompurify` to version 3.2.4 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Release
- Vulnerability Report

More about this vulnerability

## Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS)

low severity

- Manifest file: /argo-cd › ui/yarn.lock
- Package Manager: npm
- Vulnerable module: brace-expansion
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0, minimatch@3.1.2 and others

### Detailed paths

- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › minimatch@3.1.2 › brace-expansion@1.1.11
- Introduced through: argo-cd-ui@1.0.0 › redoc@2.0.0-rc.64 › @redocly/openapi-core@1.0.0-beta.82 › minimatch@3.1.2 › brace-expansion@1.1.11

## Overview

brace-expansion is a Brace expansion as known from sh/bash

Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Regular Expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) in the `expand()` function, which is prone to catastrophic backtracking on very long malicious inputs.

## PoC

    import index from "./index.js";

            let str = "{a}" + ",".repeat(100000) + "\u0000";

            let startTime = performance.now();

            const result = index(str);

            let endTime = performance.now();

            let timeTaken = endTime - startTime;

            console.log(`匹配耗时: ${timeTaken.toFixed(3)} 毫秒`);

## Details

Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its original and legitimate users. There are many types of DoS attacks, ranging from trying to clog the network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines (a Distributed Denial of Service - DDoS - attack) to sending crafted requests that cause a system to crash or take a disproportional amount of time to process.

The Regular expression Denial of Service (ReDoS) is a type of Denial of Service attack. Regular expressions are incredibly powerful, but they aren't very intuitive and can ultimately end up making it easy for attackers to take your site down.

Let’s take the following regular expression as an example:

    regex = /A(B|C+)+D/

This regular expression accomplishes the following:

- `A` The string must start with the letter 'A'
- `(B|C+)+` The string must then follow the letter A with either the letter 'B' or some number of occurrences of the letter 'C' (the `+` matches one or more times). The `+` at the end of this section states that we can look for one or more matches of this section.
- `D` Finally, we ensure this section of the string ends with a 'D'

The expression would match inputs such as `ABBD`, `ABCCCCD`, `ABCBCCCD` and `ACCCCCD`

It most cases, it doesn't take very long for a regex engine to find a match:

    $ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCD")'
            0.04s user 0.01s system 95% cpu 0.052 total

            $ time node -e '/A(B|C+)+D/.test("ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCX")'
            1.79s user 0.02s system 99% cpu 1.812 total

The entire process of testing it against a 30 characters long string takes around ~52ms. But when given an invalid string, it takes nearly two seconds to complete the test, over ten times as long as it took to test a valid string. The dramatic difference is due to the way regular expressions get evaluated.

Most Regex engines will work very similarly (with minor differences). The engine will match the first possible way to accept the current character and proceed to the next one. If it then fails to match the next one, it will backtrack and see if there was another way to digest the previous character. If it goes too far down the rabbit hole only to find out the string doesn’t match in the end, and if many characters have multiple valid regex paths, the number of backtracking steps can become very large, resulting in what is known as catastrophic backtracking.

Let's look at how our expression runs into this problem, using a shorter string: "ACCCX". While it seems fairly straightforward, there are still four different ways that the engine could match those three C's:

1. CCC
2. CC+C
3. C+CC
4. C+C+C.

The engine has to try each of those combinations to see if any of them potentially match against the expression. When you combine that with the other steps the engine must take, we can use RegEx 101 debugger to see the engine has to take a total of 38 steps before it can determine the string doesn't match.

From there, the number of steps the engine must use to validate a string just continues to grow.

String | Number of C's | Number of steps
--- | --- | ---
ACCCX | 3 | 38
ACCCCX | 4 | 71
ACCCCCX | 5 | 136
ACCCCCCCCCCCCCCX | 14 | 65,553

By the time the string includes 14 C's, the engine has to take over 65,000 steps just to see if the string is valid. These extreme situations can cause them to work very slowly (exponentially related to input size, as shown above), allowing an attacker to exploit this and can cause the service to excessively consume CPU, resulting in a Denial of Service.

## Remediation

Upgrade `brace-expansion` to version 1.1.12, 2.0.2, 3.0.1, 4.0.1 or higher.

## References

- GitHub Advisory
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Gist
- GitHub PR

More about this vulnerability