Snyk test report
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.46.1/dexidp/dex (apk)
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.46.1/hairyhenderson/gomplate/v5//usr/local/bin/gomplate (gomodules)
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.46.1/dexidp/dex//usr/local/bin/docker-entrypoint (gomodules)
- ghcr.io/dexidp/dex:v2.46.1/dexidp/dex//usr/local/bin/dex (gomodules)
Out-of-bounds Write
Detailed paths
NVD Description
Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream zlib package and not the zlib package as distributed by Alpine.
See How to fix? for Alpine:3.24 relevant fixed versions and status.
zlib versions 1.3.1.2 through 1.3.2 contain a heap buffer overflow vulnerability in the gz_vacate() function when processing non-blocking gzwrite() operations with stale external buffer pointers. Attackers can trigger the overflow by calling gzprintf() or gzvprintf() after a write stall, causing an unchecked memmove() to write beyond the internal input buffer boundary.
Remediation
Upgrade Alpine:3.24 zlib to version 1.3.2-r1 or higher.
References
- https://gist.github.com/thesmartshadow/e0b9481792afb7c31e86fee1ff084490
- https://github.com/madler/zlib
- https://github.com/madler/zlib/blob/v1.3.2/gzwrite.c#L393
- https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/zlib-1.3.1.2-through-1.3.2-heap-buffer-overflow-via-gz-vacate
Denial of Service (DoS)
Detailed paths
Overview
std/crypto/tls is a Go standard library package std/crypto/tls
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS).
Go Vulnerability Report:
Handshake messages, such as KeyUpdate, are always considered as state-advancing, regardless of whether a handshake has been completed or not. As a result, a malicious client can keep sending KeyUpdate messages to force the server to keep performing key derivation operations indefinitely.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
wspackage
Remediation
Upgrade std/crypto/tls to version 1.25.13, 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Improper Check for Certificate Revocation
Detailed paths
Overview
std/crypto/x509 is a Go standard library package std/crypto/x509
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Check for Certificate Revocation.
Go Vulnerability Report:
On most platforms, Go uses the given system root certificates. However, in some narrower cases, the system trust stores may not be updated without further action. To defend against the narrower set of cases that may remain affected, a denylist was added in crypto/x509 to return an error when calling Verify with any of the known intermediate certificates that are no longer considered to be trustworthy.
Remediation
Upgrade std/crypto/x509 to version 1.26.10, 1.27.3 or higher.
References
Uncontrolled Recursion
Detailed paths
Overview
std/encoding/asn1 is a Go standard library package std/encoding/asn1
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion.
Go Vulnerability Report:
Enforce a recursion limit in Unmarshal to prevent stack exhaustion when parsing deeply-nested, recursive structures.
Remediation
Upgrade std/encoding/asn1 to version 1.25.13, 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Uncontrolled Recursion
Detailed paths
Overview
std/encoding/xml is a Go standard library package std/encoding/xml
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion.
Go Vulnerability Report:
Previously, DecodeElement would reset the depth counter causing it to never fire; this could lead to stack exhaustion.
Remediation
Upgrade std/encoding/xml to version 1.25.13, 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Uncaught Exception
Detailed paths
Overview
std/net is a Go standard library package std/net
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception.
Go Vulnerability Report:
Parsing an invalid SVCB or HTTPS RR can panic when the size of a parameter value overflows the message buffer.
Remediation
Upgrade std/net to version 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Denial of Service (DoS)
Detailed paths
Overview
std/net/http is a Go standard library package std/net/http
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS).
Go Vulnerability Report:
When a server is configured to support unencrypted HTTP/2, it reads a few bytes from each new connection to see if they contain the HTTP/2 client preface. ReadHeaderTimeout is unexpectedly not being applied when doing this.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
wspackage
Remediation
Upgrade std/net/http to version 1.25.13, 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Denial of Service (DoS)
Detailed paths
Overview
std/net/url is a Go standard library package std/net/url
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Denial of Service (DoS).
Go Vulnerability Report:
Previously, resolving relative paths containing parent directory ('..') segments performed string conversions and buffer rewrites on each step, resulting in quadratic time complexity and high memory allocation overhead.Now, path resolution operates on a byte buffer using index-based backtracking for '..' segments, eliminating the quadratic time complexity and significantly reducing memory allocations.
Details
Denial of Service (DoS) describes a family of attacks, all aimed at making a system inaccessible to its intended and legitimate users.
Unlike other vulnerabilities, DoS attacks usually do not aim at breaching security. Rather, they are focused on making websites and services unavailable to genuine users resulting in downtime.
One popular Denial of Service vulnerability is DDoS (a Distributed Denial of Service), an attack that attempts to clog network pipes to the system by generating a large volume of traffic from many machines.
When it comes to open source libraries, DoS vulnerabilities allow attackers to trigger such a crash or crippling of the service by using a flaw either in the application code or from the use of open source libraries.
Two common types of DoS vulnerabilities:
High CPU/Memory Consumption- An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to take a disproportionate amount of time to process. For example, commons-fileupload:commons-fileupload.
Crash - An attacker sending crafted requests that could cause the system to crash. For Example, npm
wspackage
Remediation
Upgrade std/net/url to version 1.25.13, 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the HTTP/2 DATA frame receive buffer handling, where each received fragment incurs per-fragment tracking and queue allocation overhead even while staying within the configured flow-control windows. An attacker can drive the process to an OutOfMemory condition or a runtime panic by opening gRPC streams and fragmenting payloads into millions of tiny HTTP/2 DATA frames, such as 1 byte each, across many concurrent multiplexed streams. This requires only the ability to establish gRPC stream connections to the server.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/mem to version 1.83.1 or higher.
References
Uncaught Exception
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception through the HTTP/2 header processing path in internal/transport/http2_server.go and internal/xds/server/routing.go. An attacker can crash the server by sending a gRPC request that omits both the :authority and Host headers. In xds.NewGRPCServer() deployments, that malformed request reaches the xDS routing interceptor, which expects an authority value and then indexes into an empty header slice. The resulting panic terminates the server process, causing a complete outage for clients connected to that gRPC server.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/xds/server to version 1.82.2, 1.83.2 or higher.
References
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Issue
- GitHub PR
- GitHub PR
- GitHub PR
- Maintainer's Advisory
Incorrect Authorization
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Authorization in the processing of xDS RBAC policies and HTTP/2 transport handling. An attacker can gain unauthorized access to protected services or cause denial of service by exploiting improper handling of unsupported fields in policy matchers, bypassing rapid reset mitigations, or triggering server panics through crafted policy updates.
Note: This advisory refers to several vulnerabilities as aggregated by the maintainer. For an exact breakdown and affected code, see the Maintainer's referenced advisory and commit.
Workaround
This vulnerability can be mitigated by ensuring xDS management servers do not push RBAC policies with unsupported fields or NOT rules wrapping unhandled fields, and by configuring upstream reverse proxies or load balancers with strict HTTP/2 max_concurrent_streams limits and active rate limiting on RST_STREAM frequency per connection.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/xds/rbac to version 1.82.1 or higher.
References
Incorrect Authorization
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Authorization in the processing of xDS RBAC policies and HTTP/2 transport handling. An attacker can gain unauthorized access to protected services or cause denial of service by exploiting improper handling of unsupported fields in policy matchers, bypassing rapid reset mitigations, or triggering server panics through crafted policy updates.
Note: This advisory refers to several vulnerabilities as aggregated by the maintainer. For an exact breakdown and affected code, see the Maintainer's referenced advisory and commit.
Workaround
This vulnerability can be mitigated by ensuring xDS management servers do not push RBAC policies with unsupported fields or NOT rules wrapping unhandled fields, and by configuring upstream reverse proxies or load balancers with strict HTTP/2 max_concurrent_streams limits and active rate limiting on RST_STREAM frequency per connection.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/transport to version 1.82.1 or higher.
References
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the HTTP/2 DATA frame receive buffer handling, where each received fragment incurs per-fragment tracking and queue allocation overhead even while staying within the configured flow-control windows. An attacker can drive the process to an OutOfMemory condition or a runtime panic by opening gRPC streams and fragmenting payloads into millions of tiny HTTP/2 DATA frames, such as 1 byte each, across many concurrent multiplexed streams. This requires only the ability to establish gRPC stream connections to the server.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/transport to version 1.83.1 or higher.
References
Uncaught Exception
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncaught Exception through the HTTP/2 header processing path in internal/transport/http2_server.go and internal/xds/server/routing.go. An attacker can crash the server by sending a gRPC request that omits both the :authority and Host headers. In xds.NewGRPCServer() deployments, that malformed request reaches the xDS routing interceptor, which expects an authority value and then indexes into an empty header slice. The resulting panic terminates the server process, causing a complete outage for clients connected to that gRPC server.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/transport to version 1.82.2, 1.83.2 or higher.
References
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Commit
- GitHub Issue
- GitHub PR
- GitHub PR
- GitHub PR
- Maintainer's Advisory
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the HTTP/2 DATA frame receive buffer handling, where each received fragment incurs per-fragment tracking and queue allocation overhead even while staying within the configured flow-control windows. An attacker can drive the process to an OutOfMemory condition or a runtime panic by opening gRPC streams and fragmenting payloads into millions of tiny HTTP/2 DATA frames, such as 1 byte each, across many concurrent multiplexed streams. This requires only the ability to establish gRPC stream connections to the server.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/mem to version 1.83.1 or higher.
References
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the HTTP/2 DATA frame receive buffer handling, where each received fragment incurs per-fragment tracking and queue allocation overhead even while staying within the configured flow-control windows. An attacker can drive the process to an OutOfMemory condition or a runtime panic by opening gRPC streams and fragmenting payloads into millions of tiny HTTP/2 DATA frames, such as 1 byte each, across many concurrent multiplexed streams. This requires only the ability to establish gRPC stream connections to the server.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/envconfig to version 1.83.1 or higher.
References
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Detailed paths
Overview
golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in its connection multiplexing, reached through Dial, NewClientConn, NewControlClientConn, and NewServerConn, which buffers unhandled messages that fall outside the RFC 4254 channel and global-request handling instead of treating them as protocol errors. A malicious peer can deadlock the entire SSH connection by sending unexpected messages once a channel has been established. This requires a completed handshake and an open SSH channel with the attacker as the peer.
Remediation
Upgrade golang.org/x/crypto/ssh to version 0.56.0 or higher.
References
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
Detailed paths
Overview
golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling in the connection multiplexer's channel handling (the mux chanList), reached through Dial, NewClientConn, NewControlClientConn, and NewServerConn, where a channel that is registered but not yet established has its incomingRequests queue flooded without bound. A malicious peer can deadlock the entire SSH connection by flooding channel request packets for a channel before it becomes established. This requires the attacker to participate in an SSH connection with the victim over the library.
Remediation
Upgrade golang.org/x/crypto/ssh to version 0.56.0 or higher.
References
Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Inefficient Algorithmic Complexity in the parsing process of JWKs containing RSA keys due to lack of size and consistency checks on RSA modulus and prime values before validation. An attacker can cause excessive CPU consumption and disrupt service availability by submitting specially crafted JWKs with large or malformed RSA parameters.
Remediation
Upgrade github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4 to version 4.1.6 or higher.
References
Directory Traversal
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal via the processing of reference names in dotgit. An attacker can modify or overwrite files outside the intended reference storage by supplying specially crafted reference names containing path traversal sequences. This is only exploitable if the application uses filesystem-backed storage and interacts with a malicious Git server or processes attacker-controlled reference names.
Workaround
This vulnerability can be mitigated by exclusively using in-memory storage or by validating reference names at the application level before passing them to filesystem-backed storage.
Details
A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.
Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:
- Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.
st is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the public route.
If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.
curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa
Note %2e is the URL encoded version of . (dot).
- Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as
Zip-Slip.
One way to achieve this is by using a malicious zip archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.
The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:
2018-04-15 22:04:29 ..... 19 19 good.txt
2018-04-15 22:04:42 ..... 20 20 ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Remediation
Upgrade github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/storage/filesystem/dotgit to version 5.19.2 or higher.
References
Directory Traversal
Detailed paths
Overview
github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing is a highly extensible git implementation library written in pure Go.
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Directory Traversal via the processing of reference names in dotgit. An attacker can modify or overwrite files outside the intended reference storage by supplying specially crafted reference names containing path traversal sequences. This is only exploitable if the application uses filesystem-backed storage and interacts with a malicious Git server or processes attacker-controlled reference names.
Workaround
This vulnerability can be mitigated by exclusively using in-memory storage or by validating reference names at the application level before passing them to filesystem-backed storage.
Details
A Directory Traversal attack (also known as path traversal) aims to access files and directories that are stored outside the intended folder. By manipulating files with "dot-dot-slash (../)" sequences and its variations, or by using absolute file paths, it may be possible to access arbitrary files and directories stored on file system, including application source code, configuration, and other critical system files.
Directory Traversal vulnerabilities can be generally divided into two types:
- Information Disclosure: Allows the attacker to gain information about the folder structure or read the contents of sensitive files on the system.
st is a module for serving static files on web pages, and contains a vulnerability of this type. In our example, we will serve files from the public route.
If an attacker requests the following URL from our server, it will in turn leak the sensitive private key of the root user.
curl http://localhost:8080/public/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/%2e%2e/root/.ssh/id_rsa
Note %2e is the URL encoded version of . (dot).
- Writing arbitrary files: Allows the attacker to create or replace existing files. This type of vulnerability is also known as
Zip-Slip.
One way to achieve this is by using a malicious zip archive that holds path traversal filenames. When each filename in the zip archive gets concatenated to the target extraction folder, without validation, the final path ends up outside of the target folder. If an executable or a configuration file is overwritten with a file containing malicious code, the problem can turn into an arbitrary code execution issue quite easily.
The following is an example of a zip archive with one benign file and one malicious file. Extracting the malicious file will result in traversing out of the target folder, ending up in /root/.ssh/ overwriting the authorized_keys file:
2018-04-15 22:04:29 ..... 19 19 good.txt
2018-04-15 22:04:42 ..... 20 20 ../../../../../../root/.ssh/authorized_keys
Remediation
Upgrade github.com/go-git/go-git/v5/plumbing to version 5.19.2 or higher.
References
Symlink Attack
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Symlink Attack in worktree_fs.go and worktree.go are vulnerable to symlink traversal in filesystem-backed worktrees. An attacker can modify or overwrite files outside the intended worktree by placing a symlink in the tree and then triggering a worktree operation, such as checkout, create, rename, or remove, against a path that resolves through that link. This can redirect writes into the repository’s .git metadata or another external target, leading to arbitrary file write and corruption of repository state, which can break subsequent Git operations and expose or alter files the application did not intend to touch.
Remediation
Upgrade github.com/go-git/go-git/v5 to version 5.19.2 or higher.
References
Cross-site Scripting (XSS)
Detailed paths
Overview
std/html/template is a Go standard library package std/html/template
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Cross-site Scripting (XSS).
Go Vulnerability Report:
Previously, pathological inputs could close an unescaped '/' early, allowing for attack-controlled data to inject arbitrary content, potentially leading to XSS.
Details
Cross-site scripting (or XSS) is a code vulnerability that occurs when an attacker “injects” a malicious script into an otherwise trusted website. The injected script gets downloaded and executed by the end user’s browser when the user interacts with the compromised website.
This is done by escaping the context of the web application; the web application then delivers that data to its users along with other trusted dynamic content, without validating it. The browser unknowingly executes malicious script on the client side (through client-side languages; usually JavaScript or HTML) in order to perform actions that are otherwise typically blocked by the browser’s Same Origin Policy.
Injecting malicious code is the most prevalent manner by which XSS is exploited; for this reason, escaping characters in order to prevent this manipulation is the top method for securing code against this vulnerability.
Escaping means that the application is coded to mark key characters, and particularly key characters included in user input, to prevent those characters from being interpreted in a dangerous context. For example, in HTML, < can be coded as < and > can be coded as > in order to be interpreted and displayed as themselves in text, while within the code itself, they are used for HTML tags. If malicious content is injected into an application that escapes special characters and that malicious content uses < and > as HTML tags, those characters are nonetheless not interpreted as HTML tags by the browser if they’ve been correctly escaped in the application code and in this way the attempted attack is diverted.
The most prominent use of XSS is to steal cookies (source: OWASP HttpOnly) and hijack user sessions, but XSS exploits have been used to expose sensitive information, enable access to privileged services and functionality and deliver malware.
Types of attacks
There are a few methods by which XSS can be manipulated:
| Type | Origin | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Stored | Server | The malicious code is inserted in the application (usually as a link) by the attacker. The code is activated every time a user clicks the link. |
| Reflected | Server | The attacker delivers a malicious link externally from the vulnerable web site application to a user. When clicked, malicious code is sent to the vulnerable web site, which reflects the attack back to the user’s browser. |
| DOM-based | Client | The attacker forces the user’s browser to render a malicious page. The data in the page itself delivers the cross-site scripting data. |
| Mutated | The attacker injects code that appears safe, but is then rewritten and modified by the browser, while parsing the markup. An example is rebalancing unclosed quotation marks or even adding quotation marks to unquoted parameters. |
Affected environments
The following environments are susceptible to an XSS attack:
- Web servers
- Application servers
- Web application environments
How to prevent
This section describes the top best practices designed to specifically protect your code:
- Sanitize data input in an HTTP request before reflecting it back, ensuring all data is validated, filtered or escaped before echoing anything back to the user, such as the values of query parameters during searches.
- Convert special characters such as
?,&,/,<,>and spaces to their respective HTML or URL encoded equivalents. - Give users the option to disable client-side scripts.
- Redirect invalid requests.
- Detect simultaneous logins, including those from two separate IP addresses, and invalidate those sessions.
- Use and enforce a Content Security Policy (source: Wikipedia) to disable any features that might be manipulated for an XSS attack.
- Read the documentation for any of the libraries referenced in your code to understand which elements allow for embedded HTML.
Remediation
Upgrade std/html/template to version 1.25.13, 1.26.6, 1.27.0-rc.3 or higher.
References
Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Improper Handling of Case Sensitivity in the xDS RBAC HTTP filter, which unconditionally lowercases incoming metadata keys so a header matcher configured with uppercase letters, such as X-Role, never matches. An attacker can reach traffic that an RBAC policy was meant to deny, since the rule evaluates as a non-match and fails open, and can also smuggle reserved grpc--prefixed headers such as Grpc-Status past the case-sensitive gRFC A41 validation by altering their casing. This applies only where an operator has defined xDS RBAC policies with header matchers, and the policy bypass depends on those matchers using mixed-case header names.
Remediation
Upgrade google.golang.org/grpc/internal/xds/httpfilter/rbac to version 1.83.1 or higher.
References
Incorrect Authorization
Detailed paths
Overview
golang.org/x/crypto/ssh is a SSH client and server
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Incorrect Authorization in NewServerConn, which applied the critical option from the Permissions returned by an authentication callback only on the PublicKeyCallback and VerifiedPublicKeyCallback paths and silently ignored it for PasswordCallback, KeyboardInteractiveCallback, NoClientAuthCallback, and GSSAPIWithMICConfig.AllowLogin. An attacker can connect from an address the restriction was meant to exclude by authenticating through one of those unenforced callback paths. This affects only servers that set a source-address restriction from a password, keyboard-interactive, no-client-auth, or GSSAPI authentication callback and rely on it being enforced.
Note: This is a bypass of the fix for the vulnerability described in CVE-2026-46595.
Remediation
Upgrade golang.org/x/crypto/ssh to version 0.55.0 or higher.
References
Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Memory Allocation with Excessive Size Value via the Parse function. An attacker can exhaust CPU resources and generate excessive log output by sending oversized or malformed headers that are processed without length checks.
Remediation
Upgrade go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation to version 1.44.0 or higher.
References
Uncontrolled Recursion
Detailed paths
Overview
Affected versions of this package are vulnerable to Uncontrolled Recursion through the JSON parsing process. An attacker can cause the application to crash by submitting deeply nested arrays or objects, leading to stack exhaustion.
Remediation
Upgrade github.com/go-jose/go-jose/v4/json to version 4.1.5 or higher.
References
CVE-2026-4738
Detailed paths
NVD Description
Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream zlib package and not the zlib package as distributed by Alpine.
See How to fix? for Alpine:3.24 relevant fixed versions and status.
Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer vulnerability in OSGeo gdal (frmts/zlib/contrib/infback9 modules). This vulnerability is associated with program files inftree9.C.
This issue affects gdal: before 3.11.0.
Remediation
Upgrade Alpine:3.24 zlib to version 1.4-r0 or higher.
References
Integer Overflow or Wraparound
Detailed paths
NVD Description
Note: Versions mentioned in the description apply only to the upstream musl package and not the musl package as distributed by Alpine.
See How to fix? for Alpine:3.24 relevant fixed versions and status.
musl libc before 1.2.7, when an untrusted regular expression is used with regcomp, has multiple integer overflows, possibly leading to incorrect allocation sizes and out-of-bounds heap writes.
Remediation
Upgrade Alpine:3.24 musl to version 1.2.6-r3 or higher.
References
- https://git.musl-libc.org/cgit/musl/commit/?id=7813e9119eb5fe681b6750b8a033a0490bca0941
- https://musl.libc.org
- https://www.openwall.com/lists/musl/2026/10/21/1
- http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/10/21/18