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Cart3Convert.cpp
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/**
* \file Cart3Convert.cpp
* \brief Command line utility for computing geodesics on a triaxial ellipsoid
*
* Copyright (c) Charles Karney (2024-2025) <karney@alum.mit.edu> and licensed
* under the MIT/X11 License. For more information, see
* https://geographiclib.sourceforge.io/
*
* See the <a href="Cart3Convert.1.html">man page</a> for usage information.
**********************************************************************/
// Counterpart of CartConvert
// Usual flags
// -r (x, y, z to ellipsoidal to geographic)
// -e (supplement with -t)
// -w longfirst
// -p prec
// -h help
// -d dms
// -: colon
// --help
// --version
// --comment-delimiter
// + other I/O related flags
// New flags
// -E ellipsoidal coords (default)
// -G geodetic
// -P parametric
// -C geocentric
// -3 include height (only for -E and -G)
// -D include direction (only for -E without -3)
// Can't specify -3 and -D together
// Height for -G has its usual definition
// Height for -E is the increase in the minor semiaxis for the confocal
// ellipsoid (H = u - c).
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <string>
#include <sstream>
#include <fstream>
#include <GeographicLib/DMS.hpp>
#include <GeographicLib/Utility.hpp>
#include <GeographicLib/Angle.hpp>
#include <GeographicLib/Triaxial/Cartesian3.hpp>
#include "Cart3Convert.usage"
int main(int argc, const char* const argv[]) {
try {
using namespace GeographicLib;
using namespace Triaxial;
Utility::set_digits();
using real = Math::real;
using ang = Angle;
using vec3 = Ellipsoid3::vec3;
using coord = Cartesian3::coord;
enum { GEODETIC, PARAMETRIC, GEOCENTRIC, ELLIPSOIDAL };
coord mode = coord::ELLIPSOIDAL;
bool threed = false, direction = false, reverse = false, dms = false,
longfirst = false, randompts = false;
real
a = Constants::Triaxial_Earth_a(),
b = Constants::Triaxial_Earth_b(),
c = Constants::Triaxial_Earth_c(),
e2 = -1, k2 = 0, kp2 = 0;
int prec = 3, nrand = 0;
unsigned long long seed = 0;
std::string istring, ifile, ofile, cdelim;
char lsep = ';', dmssep = char(0);
for (int m = 1; m < argc; ++m) {
std::string arg(argv[m]);
if (arg == "-E")
mode = coord::ELLIPSOIDAL;
else if (arg == "-G")
mode = coord::GEODETIC;
else if (arg == "-P")
mode = coord::PARAMETRIC;
else if (arg == "-C")
mode = coord::GEOCENTRIC;
else if (arg == "-GX")
mode = coord::GEODETIC_X;
else if (arg == "-PX")
mode = coord::PARAMETRIC_X;
else if (arg == "-CX")
mode = coord::GEOCENTRIC_X;
else if (arg == "-R") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
try {
nrand = Utility::val<int>(std::string(argv[m]));
}
catch (const std::exception&) {
std::cerr << "Number of randoms " << argv[m] << " is not a number\n";
return 1;
}
randompts = true;
} else if (arg == "-3")
threed = true;
else if (arg == "-D")
direction = true;
else if (arg == "-r")
reverse = true;
else if (arg == "--seed") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
try {
seed = Utility::val<unsigned long long>(std::string(argv[m]));
}
catch (const std::exception&) {
std::cerr << "Precision " << argv[m] << " is not a number\n";
return 1;
}
} else if (arg == "-t") {
if (m + 3 >= argc) return usage(1, true);
try {
a = Utility::val<real>(std::string(argv[m + 1]));
b = Utility::val<real>(std::string(argv[m + 2]));
c = Utility::val<real>(std::string(argv[m + 3]));
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Error decoding arguments of -t: " << e.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
e2 = -1;
m += 3;
} else if (arg == "-e") {
// Cayley ellipsoid sqrt([2,1,1/2]) is
// -e 1 3/2 1/3 2/3
if (m + 4 >= argc) return usage(1, true);
try {
b = Utility::val<real>(std::string(argv[m + 1]));
e2 = Utility::fract<real>(std::string(argv[m + 2]));
k2 = Utility::fract<real>(std::string(argv[m + 3]));
kp2 = Utility::fract<real>(std::string(argv[m + 4]));
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Error decoding arguments of -e: " << e.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
a = -1;
m += 4;
} else if (arg == "-d") {
dms = true;
dmssep = '\0';
} else if (arg == "-:") {
dms = true;
dmssep = ':';
} else if (arg == "-w")
longfirst = !longfirst;
else if (arg == "-p") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
try {
prec = Utility::val<int>(std::string(argv[m]));
}
catch (const std::exception&) {
std::cerr << "Precision " << argv[m] << " is not a number\n";
return 1;
}
} else if (arg == "--input-string") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
istring = argv[m];
} else if (arg == "--input-file") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
ifile = argv[m];
} else if (arg == "--output-file") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
ofile = argv[m];
} else if (arg == "--line-separator") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
if (std::string(argv[m]).size() != 1) {
std::cerr << "Line separator must be a single character\n";
return 1;
}
lsep = argv[m][0];
} else if (arg == "--comment-delimiter") {
if (++m == argc) return usage(1, true);
cdelim = argv[m];
} else if (arg == "--version") {
std::cout << argv[0] << ": GeographicLib version "
<< GEOGRAPHICLIB_VERSION_STRING << "\n";
return 0;
} else
return usage(!(arg == "-h" || arg == "--help"), arg != "--help");
}
Cartesian3 tc(e2 >= 0 ? Ellipsoid3(b, e2, k2, kp2) : Ellipsoid3(a, b, c));
if (randompts) {
if (threed) {
std::cerr << "Cannot specify -3 for random points\n";
return 1;
}
if (!ifile.empty() || !istring.empty()) {
std::cerr
<< "Cannot specify --input-{string,file} with random points\n";
}
} else {
if (direction && threed) {
std::cerr << "Cannot specify both -3 and -D\n";
return 1;
}
}
if (!ifile.empty() && !istring.empty()) {
std::cerr << "Cannot specify --input-string and --input-file together\n";
return 1;
}
if (ifile == "-") ifile.clear();
std::ifstream infile;
std::istringstream instring;
if (!ifile.empty()) {
infile.open(ifile.c_str());
if (!infile.is_open()) {
std::cerr << "Cannot open " << ifile << " for reading\n";
return 1;
}
} else if (!istring.empty()) {
std::string::size_type m = 0;
while (true) {
m = istring.find(lsep, m);
if (m == std::string::npos)
break;
istring[m] = '\n';
}
instring.str(istring);
}
std::istream* input = !ifile.empty() ? &infile :
(!istring.empty() ? &instring : &std::cin);
std::ofstream outfile;
if (ofile == "-") ofile.clear();
if (!ofile.empty()) {
outfile.open(ofile.c_str());
if (!outfile.is_open()) {
std::cerr << "Cannot open " << ofile << " for writing\n";
return 1;
}
}
std::ostream* output = !ofile.empty() ? &outfile : &std::cout;
// Max precision = 10: 0.1 nm in distance, 10^-15 deg (= 0.11 nm),
// 10^-11 sec (= 0.3 nm).
prec = std::min(10 + Math::extra_digits(), std::max(0, prec));
using std::round, std::log10, std::ceil, std::signbit;
int disprec = std::max(0, prec + int(round(log10(6400000/b)))),
angprec = prec + 5, vecprec = prec + 7;
if (randompts) {
// C a r t 3 C o n
unsigned long long s1 = 0x4361727433436f6eULL, s2 = seed;
if (seed == 0) {
s1 = std::random_device()();
s2 = std::random_device()();
}
std::seed_seq seq{s1, s2};
std::mt19937 g(seq);
for (int i = 0; i < nrand; ++i) {
vec3 r, v = {0,0,0};
if (direction)
tc.cart2rand(g, r, v);
else
tc.cart2rand(g, r);
if (!reverse) {
*output << Utility::str(r[0], disprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(r[1], disprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(r[2], disprec);
if (direction)
*output << " "
<< Utility::str(v[0], vecprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(v[1], vecprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(v[2], vecprec);
} else {
ang bet, omg, alp;
tc.cart2toany(r, v, mode, bet, omg, alp);
*output << ang::LatLonString(bet, omg,
angprec, dms, dmssep, longfirst);
if (direction)
*output << " " << ang::AzimuthString(alp, angprec, dms, dmssep);
}
*output << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
std::string s, eol, sbet, somg, salp, sh, sx, sy, sz, svx, svy, svz, strc;
std::istringstream str;
int retval = 0;
vec3 r = {0,0,0}, v = {0,0,0};
ang bet, omg, alp;
real h = 0;
while (std::getline(*input, s)) {
try {
eol = "\n";
if (!cdelim.empty()) {
std::string::size_type m = s.find(cdelim);
if (m != std::string::npos) {
eol = " " + s.substr(m) + "\n";
s = s.substr(0, m);
}
}
// READ
str.clear(); str.str(s);
if (reverse) {
if (!(str >> sx >> sy >> sz))
throw GeographicErr("Incomplete input: " + s);
r[0] = Utility::val<real>(sx);
r[1] = Utility::val<real>(sy);
r[2] = Utility::val<real>(sz);
if (direction) {
if (!(str >> svx >> svy >> svz))
throw GeographicErr("Incomplete input: " + s);
v[0] = Utility::val<real>(svx);
v[1] = Utility::val<real>(svy);
v[2] = Utility::val<real>(svz);
}
} else {
if (!(str >> sbet >> somg))
throw GeographicErr("Incomplete input: " + s);
ang::DecodeLatLon(sbet, somg, bet, omg, longfirst);
if (mode != coord::ELLIPSOIDAL && (bet.n() != 0 || signbit(bet.c())))
throw GeographicErr("Latitude outside range [-90,90]: " + s);
if (threed) {
if (!(str >> sh))
throw GeographicErr("Incomplete input: " + s);
h = Utility::val<real>(sh);
} else if (direction) {
if (!(str >> salp))
throw GeographicErr("Incomplete input: " + s);
alp = ang::DecodeAzimuth(salp);
}
}
if (str >> strc)
throw GeographicErr("Extraneous input: " + strc);
// PROCESS
if (reverse) {
if (threed)
tc.carttoany(r, mode, bet, omg, h);
else if (direction)
tc.cart2toany(r, v, mode, bet, omg, alp);
else
tc.cart2toany(r, mode, bet, omg);
} else {
if (threed)
tc.anytocart(mode, bet, omg, h, r);
else if (direction)
tc.anytocart2(mode, bet, omg, alp, r, v);
else
tc.anytocart2(mode, bet, omg, r);
}
// WRITE
if (reverse) {
*output << ang::LatLonString(bet, omg,
angprec, dms, dmssep, longfirst);
if (threed)
*output << " " << Utility::str(h, disprec);
else if (direction)
*output << " " << ang::AzimuthString(alp, angprec, dms, dmssep);
} else {
*output << Utility::str(r[0], disprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(r[1], disprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(r[2], disprec);
if (direction)
*output << " "
<< Utility::str(v[0], vecprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(v[1], vecprec) << " "
<< Utility::str(v[2], vecprec);
}
*output << eol;
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
// Write error message cout so output lines match input lines
*output << "ERROR: " << e.what() << "\n";
retval = 1;
}
}
return retval;
}
catch (const std::exception& e) {
std::cerr << "Caught exception: " << e.what() << "\n";
return 1;
}
catch (...) {
std::cerr << "Caught unknown exception\n";
return 1;
}
}
Angle.hpp
Header for the GeographicLib::AngleT class.
main
int main(int argc, const char *const argv[])
Definition Cart3Convert.cpp:52
Cartesian3.hpp
Header for GeographicLib::Triaxial::Cartesian3 class.
DMS.hpp
Header for GeographicLib::DMS class.
usage
int usage(int retval, bool)
Definition Geod3ODE.cpp:41
ang
GeographicLib::Angle ang
Definition Geod3Solve.cpp:26
real
GeographicLib::Math::real real
Definition Geod3Solve.cpp:25
Utility.hpp
Header for GeographicLib::Utility class.
GeographicLib::AngleT::c
T c() const
Definition Angle.hpp:153
GeographicLib::AngleT< Math::real >::DecodeLatLon
static void DecodeLatLon(const std::string &stra, const std::string &strb, AngleT &lat, AngleT &lon, bool longfirst=false)
GeographicLib::AngleT< Math::real >::LatLonString
static std::string LatLonString(AngleT lat, AngleT lon, int prec, bool dms=false, char dmssep='\0', bool longfirst=false)
GeographicLib::AngleT< Math::real >::DecodeAzimuth
static AngleT DecodeAzimuth(const std::string &azistr)
GeographicLib::AngleT::n
T n() const
Definition Angle.hpp:161
GeographicLib::AngleT< Math::real >::AzimuthString
static std::string AzimuthString(AngleT azi, int prec, bool dms=false, char dmssep='\0')
GeographicLib::Constants::Triaxial_Earth_b
static T Triaxial_Earth_b()
Definition Constants.hpp:218
GeographicLib::Constants::Triaxial_Earth_a
static T Triaxial_Earth_a()
Definition Constants.hpp:211
GeographicLib::Constants::Triaxial_Earth_c
static T Triaxial_Earth_c()
Definition Constants.hpp:225
GeographicLib::GeographicErr
Exception handling for GeographicLib.
Definition Constants.hpp:344
GeographicLib::Math::real
double real
Definition Math.hpp:115
GeographicLib::Math::extra_digits
static int extra_digits()
Definition Math.cpp:49
GeographicLib::Utility::fract
static T fract(const std::string &s)
Definition Utility.hpp:298
GeographicLib::Utility::val
static T val(const std::string &s)
Definition Utility.hpp:225
GeographicLib::Utility::set_digits
static int set_digits(int ndigits=0)
Definition Utility.cpp:184
GeographicLib::Utility::str
static std::string str(T x, int p=-1)
Definition Utility.hpp:161
GeographicLib::Triaxial
Namespace for operations on triaxial ellipsoids.
Definition Cartesian3.cpp:13
GeographicLib
Namespace for GeographicLib.
Definition Accumulator.cpp:12
GeographicLib::Angle
AngleT< Math::real > Angle
Definition Angle.hpp:760